FranceCompass

How to get your numéro de Sécurité sociale in France as a foreigner

Written by

jopw91

in

Last verified: October 2026 — Sources: ameli.fr, Service-Public.fr

The numéro de Sécurité sociale is a 13-digit code that identifies you within the French social-protection system. It is used for employment, healthcare and various administrative procedures. Not yet having a permanent number does not, by itself, prevent lawful employment if you are authorised to work.

Who needs one?

Anyone who lives or works in France, regardless of nationality.

How to get it, depending on your situation

If you are employed

Your employer starts the process when they register your hiring with URSSAF (through the Déclaration Préalable à l’Embauche, DPAE). If you do not yet have a number, request health-insurance registration from the CPAM with form S1106 and supporting documents. The CPAM may issue a temporary identification number (NIA); healthcare reimbursement depends on your actual insurance entitlement.

If you are not working (inactive, accompanying spouse, retiree)

You must apply directly to the CPAM in your département. You will need:

  • National ID card or passport.
  • Proof of address in France.
  • Birth certificate (sometimes a sworn French translation is required).
  • Proof of stable residence (at least 3 months in France).
  • Residence permit if you are from outside the EU.

If you are a student

Foreign students who need French insurance registration can use etudiant-etranger.ameli.fr. There is no need to wait 3 months.

Realistic timelines

  • Temporary number (NIA): processing time varies by CPAM and application; issuance within a few weeks is not guaranteed.
  • Permanent number: the identity-certification process can take up to 9 months and depends on providing complete and valid civil-status documents.
  • Carte Vitale: 2–3 more weeks after receiving your permanent number, if you apply online. See our guide to the Carte Vitale.

What each digit means

The Sécurité sociale number has 13 digits plus a 2-digit check key. The structure encodes your sex, year and month of birth, département and commune of birth (or a special code for those born outside France) and a sequence number.

While you wait

  • With your temporary number you can work and see a doctor.
  • With an NIA, you cannot open an Ameli account or obtain a Carte Vitale. Ask your CPAM for proof of your health-insurance rights while awaiting your permanent number.
  • The European Health Insurance Card (EHIC) is for temporary stays; when relocating, check CPAM registration or whether an S1 form applies.

Related guides

Official sources

Timelines and required documents may vary depending on your CPAM and personal situation. Contact the CPAM in your département for guidance tailored to your case.

More posts